نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران
2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد معماری اسلامی دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Typology of Oil Pressing Houses in Isfahan Province with Emphasis on the Organizing Element
Abstract
Oil mills (ʿAssārkhānehs) are indigenous industrial buildings formed in hot and arid climates in response to local conditions and nutritional, medicinal, and industrial needs. Before the advent of modern industrial technologies, these structures were used to extract oil from plant seeds through specialized tools and mechanisms. The oil-extraction process required a particular spatial and structural configuration which, over time and under the influence of functional requirements, resulted in distinct architectural characteristics.
This research aims to identify and classify these buildings through a descriptive–analytical method combined with field studies of sixteen oil mills in Isfahan, Najafabad, and Kashan. The analysis focuses on the organizing element of space, namely the hashti (vestibule) or the tirkhāneh (beam chamber). The findings indicate that oil mills can be divided into two main typologies.
The first is the hashti-centered type (ten cases), characterized by a centralized vestibule, multi-axial spatial hierarchy, and two separate entrances for humans and pack animals. This type is typically associated with larger buildings located near bazaars and mosques. The second is the tirkhāneh-centered type (six cases), featuring a linear spatial hierarchy, a single entrance, and suitability for smaller neighborhood-based buildings.
The choice of typology is influenced by production scale, urban accessibility, and the need to separate human and animal circulation. This study presents the first systematic typology of Isfahani oil mills based on the “organizing element,” revealing hidden patterns of spatial hierarchy, climatic adaptation, and urban interaction, and providing a framework for conservation and revitalization
کلیدواژهها [English]