بررسی وتطبیق نیارشی دو آرامگاه باباتوکل و میرمطهر در روستای بابالنگر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد در رشته‌ی مرمت و احیای ابنیه و بافت‌های تاریخی گرایش حفاظت و مرمت میراث معماری دانشگاه بین‌المللی

2 گروه مرمت دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی(ره) قزوین

3 استادیار دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران

چکیده

موضوع پژوهش این مقاله بر مطالعه دو آرامگاه باباتوکل و میرمطهر واقع در روستای بابالنگر از توابع استان خراسان رضوی متمرکز است که نسبت به دیگر آثار موجودِ روستا، در وضعیت مناسب‌تری قرار دارند. این دو بنا از لحاظ فرهنگی و طبیعی در بستری غنی از ابنیه تاریخی در جوار خود بهره‌مند بوده اما تاکنون مورد بررسی و شناخت دقیق قرار نگرفته‌اند. چگونگی نیارش بناهای مورد بحث و دوره‌ها، ساختارهای تاریخی و بانیان احتمالی، پرسش‌های این پژوهش بود. شناخت هر چه بیشتر این دو آرامگاه موجب تصمیم‌گیری‌های موثرتری در آینده برای رفع آسیب‌ها و همچنین ماندگاری آن‌ها خواهد بود. هدف پژوهش مستندنگاری دو آرامگاه و بررسی پیشینه‌ی تاریخی آن‌ها و بررسی دوره‌بندی و الحاقات ابنیه و فنون ساخت و طراحی دو آرامگاه و مقایسه‌ بایکدیگر برای حصول نتایج مورد انتظار است. با استفاده از روش‌های گردآوری و مطالعات اسنادی، میدانی، ویژگی‌های دو آرامگاه بررسی شد. مطالعات اسنادی شامل مطالعه کتاب‌ها، سفرنامه‌ها، وقف‌نامه‌ها، عکس‌ها، مقالات، مجله‌ها و نشریات، پایان‌نامه‌های مرتبط و سایر موارد تحقیقاتی است. مطالعات میدانی نیز از طریق حضور و بازدید از سایت، رولوه و اصلاح نقشه‌ها و تهیه عکس انجام گرفته و همچنین مصاحبه و گفتگو با صاحب‌نظران، کارشناسان و اهالی منطقه بود. روند پژوهش مشخص کرد که دوره ساخت بنا، مربوط به عصر تیموری است و شخصی با لقب «بلقیس زمان» بانی آن بوده است. هسته اولیه آرامگاه‌ها، مقبره‌ای چهارتاقی گنبددار با چهار بازشو بوده که در دوره‌های بعد سه بازشو بسته و دو ایوان در قسمت شرقی بنا اضافه شده است. نتایج بررسی‌ها، شباهت‌ها و تفاوت‌های دو آرامگاه در نوع قوس‌ها و پلان و پوشش‌ها و فنون اجرا و مصالح را نشان داد. یافته‌های پژوهش، نشان داد که آرامگاه میرمطهر با فاصله‌ زمانی خاصی از آرامگاه باباتوکل ساخته شده و ایرادات سازه‌ای قبلی، در آن رفع گردیده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation and adaptation of the two mausoleums of Baba-tavakoll and Mir-motahar in Babalangar village

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fateme Nourabadi 1
  • javad shekari niri 2
  • sajad moazen 3
1 1. Master's in the field of restoration and revitalization of buildings and historical structures, architectural heritage conservation and restoration, Imam Khomeini International University Qazvin, Iran
2 Associate Professor, school of architecture and environmental design, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
3 assistant professor in Iran university of science and technology
چکیده [English]

The research topic of this article is focused on the study of two mausoleums, Baba-tavakoll and Mir-motahar located in Babalangar village of Khorasan Razavi province, which is in a better condition compared to other existing monuments of the village. These two buildings are culturally and naturally benefiting from a rich background of historical buildings in their neighborhood, but they have not been investigated and recognized in detail so far. The questions of this research were how to find the discussed buildings and periods, historical structures, and possible founders. Getting to know these two mausoleums as much as possible will lead to more effective decisions in the future to fix the damages and also their durability. The purpose of the research is to document the two mausoleums and examine their historical background and examine the periodization and additions of the buildings and construction and design techniques of the two mausoleums and compare them with each other to achieve the expected results. By using collection methods and documentary and field studies, the characteristics of two mausoleums were investigated. Documentary studies include the study of books, travelogues, dedication letters, photographs, articles, journals and periodicals, related theses, and other research items. Field studies were also conducted by visiting the site, mapping and modifying maps, and taking photos, as well as interviews and discussions with experts, experts, and residents of the region. The research process determined that the construction period of the building is related to the Timurid era and a person with the nickname "Belqeis Zaman" was its founder. The initial core of the mausoleum was a domed four-room mausoleum with four openings, which were closed in later periods and two porches were added in the eastern part of the building. The results of the investigations showed the similarities and differences between the two mausoleums in the type of arches and plan and coverings and execution techniques and materials. The findings of the research showed that the mausoleum of Mir-motahar was built within a certain interval of time from the mausoleum of, Baba-tavakoll, and the previous structural defects were fixed in it.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • cultural landscape
  • anatomical knowledge
  • construction techniques
  • Baba-tavakoll mausoleum
  • Mir-motahar mausoleum

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معماری اقلیم گرم و خشک
دوره 11، شماره 17
آبان 1402
صفحه 153-178

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