ارزیابی روش‌های نوین و سنتی استحکام‌بخشی سازه‌های آجری غیرمسلح از دیدگاه متخصصین حوزه مرمت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مرمت، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران

2 استاد گروه مرمت، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار گروه مرمت، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

معماری یکی از شاخه‌های هنر و تمدن است که از دیرباز با مصالح و فنون متفاوت ساخت، مورد توجه انسانها بوده است. از آنجا که بناهای تاریخی طی سالیان متمادی دچار آسیب گشته‌اند، نیازمند استحکام‌بخشی با روشهایی مناسب‌اند. لذا از دیرباز تا کنون از شیوههای مختلفی جهت پایداری این بناها استفاده شده است.آنچه امروزه اهمیت دارد عدم ایجاد محدودیت برای مداخلات آینده و کمترین میزان صدمه به بنا در هنگام مرمت است. درهمین خصوص هدف این پژوهش تحلیل روشهای مقاومسازی بناهای آجری مبتنی بر منشورهای بین‌المللی می‌باشد. اینکه کدامیک از این روش‌ها جهت مرمت بناهای آجری غیرمسلح مناسبتر بوده و کدام تکنیک با مصالح بنایی سازگارترند از جمله پرسش‌های این پژوهش است. این مقاله مبتنی بر روش پیمایشی – توصیفی درکنار تحلیل آماری توسط نرم‌افزار SPSS بوده و شیوه گردآوری اطلاعات کتابخانه‌ای است. در همین راستا ابتدا پرسشنامه‌ای متشکل از روشهای سنتی و رایج استحکامبخشی شامل بهره‌گیری از شمع‌های چوبی، احداث پشت‌بند، استفاده از میکروپایل‌ها، اجرای روش گونیت و شاتکریت با تکنیک‌های نوین امروزی همچون بهره‌گیری از انواع ژئوسنتتیک‌ها، کامپوزیت‌ها و مش‌های پلیمری با ملات‌های گوناگون تهیه گردید؛ سپس با هدف تعیین میزان تطابق هر روش با معیارهایی از جمله میزان نیاز به نیروی متخصص، درجه هماهنگی در رنگ و بافت، برگشت‌پذیری و حداقل میزان مداخله در اختیار متخصصین حوزه مرمت قرار گرفت. در نهایت یافته‌های پژوهش نشان داد که شیوه‌های سنتی همچون اجرای پشت‌بند و شمع‌های چوبی بدلیل هماهنگی در جنس مصالح از سنخیت بیشتری با سازه‌های بنایی برخوردار بوده و به دلیل بازگشت‌پذیری بالا و کمترین میزان آسیب به بنا اولویت بالاتری نسبت به روش‌هایی همچون گونیت، شاتکریت و استفاده از میکروپایلها دارند. از طرفی، شیوه‌های سنتی توانایی تضمین پایداری بنا در گذر زمان را نداشته و از این جهت شیوه‌های مدرن همچون ژئوگریدها و استفاده از انواع مش و ملات‌ها می‌توانند جایگزینی مناسب برای این روش‌ها باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of modern and traditional methods of strengthening non-reinforced brick structures from the point of view of experts in the field of restoration

نویسندگان [English]

  • helia vali 1
  • Fatemeh Mehdizadeh Saradj 2
  • sajad moazen 3
1 Master's student, School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
2 Professor, School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Architecture is one of the branches of art and civilization, which has long been the focus of people in different eras. Since historical buildings have been damaged for many years, they need to be consolidated with appropriate methods. So, various methods have been used for the stability of these buildings since long ago. But nowadays minimizing the amount of damage to the building during the restoration of the historical building is crucial. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to analyze the methods of strengthening brick buildings based on international charters and conventional methods of strengthening in the world. So, this research was done in order to answer questions such as "which of these methods is more suitable for the restoration of unreinforced brick buildings? " and "which technique is more compatible with the materials of masonry structures? ". This article is based on survey-descriptive method along with statistical analysis by SPSS software. Also, this study uses library sources to gather data to investigate new and old consolidation methods. In this regard, first, a questionnaire consisting of traditional and common strengthening methods, including the use of wooden piles, the use of micropiles, the implementation of gunite and shotcrete methods with today's modern techniques, as well as using all kinds of geosynthetics, composites and polymer meshes were prepared with different mortars; Then, with the aim of determining the degree of compliance of each method with criteria such as the level of need for expert staff, the degree of coordination in color and texture, reversibility and the minimum amount of intervention, it was provided to experts in the field of restoration. Finally, the findings of the research showed that the traditional methods, such as the implementation of backbands and wooden piles, are more compatible with masonry structures due to the harmony of the materials and often due to the high reversibility. Moreover, traditional methods are not able to guarantee the stability of the building over time, so, modern methods such as geogrids and the use of modern mesh mortars can be a suitable replacement for these methods.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Traditional methods
  • Modern methods
  • Consolidation
  • Un-reinforcement brick structures
  • Spss software

مراجع

- Aboei, R., Rahimi, H., Parsaie, A. (2017). Existing deficiencies in the seismic process of historical buildings. Journal of Baghe – Nazar. 14(48). (In Persian).
- Ahrafi, A., Nosrat, S. (2015). Iranian vaults, approach to traditional architectural engineering. International research conference in science and technology. (In Persian).
- Apostol, I., Mosoarca, M., & Stoian, V. (2017). Modern consolidation solutions for buildings with historical value. Part I: reinforced concrete structures. Mod. Technol. 3rd Millennia, 406-413.
- Apostol, I., Mosoarca, M., Chieffo, N., Keller, A., Bocan, D., Bocan, C., & Bradeanu, R. (2018). Solutions for improving seismic vulnerability of historic masonry buildings. Mod. Technol. 3rd Millenn, 131-136.
- Armour, T., Groneck, P., Keeley, J., & Sharma, S. (2000). Micropile design and construction guidelines: Implementation manual (No. FHWA-SA-97-070). United States. Federal Highway Administration.
- ASTM (1994) "Annual book of ASTM standards", American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Baloochi, M., Ghanad, Z. (2009). Features of geosynthetic materials, new technology of construction industry. knowledge management. Cason Co. (In Persian).
Biron, M., 2004. Building & Civil Engineering Likes Polymers I-Economic and Technical Outline.
- Bozorgmehr, M. (2015). Performance without an approach to the challenges of the lack of theoretical foundations of intervention in native architecture with a special look at rustic architecture. National Conference of Native Architecture and Urban Planning of Iran. Yazd. (In Persian).
- Cheng, S., Yin, S., & Jing, L. (2020). Comparative experimental analysis on the in-plane shear performance of brick masonry walls strengthened with different fibre-reinforced materials. Construction and Building Materials, 259, 120387.
- Dolce, Mauro et al., 2000, II Rafforzamemto delle strutture murarie: II Sistema di cuciture attive per la muratura, Tecniche Idraulico Stradali SpA, Roma.
- Falamaki, M. (2016). Charter of architectural restoration. Tehran: Faza publication. (In Persian).
- Feilden, m Bernard. (2003). Conservation of Historic Buildings. Third. Oxford: Architectural Press.
- Haji Ebrahim – Zargar, A., Mir Hashemi, E. (2018). An introduction to the knowledge of restoration techniques of historical buildings. Publications of Shahid Beheshti University. (In Persian).
- Hamdy, G. A. (2021). Stabilization of the Ancient Serapeum at Saqqara—Strengthening Proposals Using Advanced Composite Materials. In Cities' Identity Through Architecture and Arts (pp. 15-24). Springer, Cham.
- ICCROM. (2018). Sharing conservation decisions: current issues and future strategies. A. Heritage & J. Copthorne (ED.). Italy.
- ICOMOS. (2003). Principles for the analysis, conservation and structural restoration of architectural heritage. Zimbabwe.
- ICOMOS. (2013). The Bura Charter – 1999. The Australia ICOMOS charter for places of cultural significance.  Australia.
- Khajepoor, M., Raufi, Z. (2018). The contemporary theory of conservation. Press Organization Jahade Daneshgahi. Kerman Branch. (In Persian).
- Manfredi, G., & Prota, A. (2001). Seismic strengthening with FRP: opportunities and limitations. In Composites in Construction: A Reality (pp. 231-240).
- Mehdizadeh Saradj, f. (2014). Pathology and technical evaluation of historical monuments. Publications of Iran University of Science and Technology. (In Persian).
- Mohebali, M., Mohamad Moradi, A., Amir Kabiriyan, A. (1995). Twelve lessons of restoration. Tehran: Ministry of Building and Urban Development. National Land and Building Organization. (In Persian).
- Mosoarca, M., Apostol, I., & Stoian, V. (2017). Modern consolidation solutions for buildings with historical value, part II: masonry structures. Modern technologies for the 3rd millennium, Oradea, Romania.
- Nanni, A. (2001). Guides and specifications for the use of composites in concrete and masonry construction in North America. Composites in Construction: A Reality, 20-22.
- Nikbakht, M. (2009). Chalabioglu monastery and tomb: an experience in restoration and restoration. Tehran: Ganj Honar publication. (In Persian).
- Omidian, P., Vakili, A. (2017). Concepts of seismic strengthening of historical buildings. Science and knowledge publications. First Edition. (In Persian).
- Ostad, D., Shafaei, J. (2021). Analytical study of seismic performance of unreinforced masonry walls reinforced with steel belts. Journal of Amirkabir Civil Engineering. 52(12). (In Persian).
- Roca, P., Cervera, M., Gariup, G., & Pela, L. (2010). Structural analysis of masonry historical constructions. Classical and advanced approaches. Archives of computational methods in engineering, 17(3), 299-325.
- Sheikh, A., 2004. Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures Using Polymeric Materials. International Conference on Earthquake (a Memorial of Bam Disaster).
- Sheikhi, S., Bakhshi, G., Yazdi, H., Nejad, M. (2007). A method for seismic improvement of masonry buildings. Iran's National Conference on Resilience. Yazd University. (In Persian).
- Stratton, M. (Ed.). (1997). Structure and style: conserving twentieth-century buildings. Taylor & - Francis. Feilden.B, (2003), "Conservation of historic buildings", Springer.
- Taefi Nasrabadi, A., Rashidi Mehrabadi, M. (2007). Strengthening building structures against earthquakes. Iran's National Conference on Resilience. Yazd University. (In Persian).
- Triantafillou, T. C. (2005). Strengthening of structures with advanced FRPs. Progress in Structural Engineering and Materials, 1(2), 126–134.
- UNI 9091/2, Legno: Determinazione dell’umidità. Metodo per pesata, April 1987.
- Valluzzi, M. R., Valdemarca, M., & Modena, C. (2001). Behaviour of brick masonry vaults strengthened by FRP laminates. Journal of Composites for Construction (ASCE), 5(5), 163–169.
- Yavartanoo, F., & Kang, T. H. K. (2022). Retrofitting of unreinforced masonry structures and considerations for heritage-sensitive constructions. Journal of Building Engineering, 49, 103993.
 
معماری اقلیم گرم و خشک
دوره 10، شماره 16
اسفند 1401
صفحه 199-214

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار