Comparative Analysis Of The Effectiveness Of The Physical And Spatial Configuration Components Of Qajar Houses On Culture And Climate In "Hot And Dry" And "Hot And Humid" Regions Of Iran

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Assistant professor, Faculty member of Tehran University of Science and Culture, Iran

2 Master of architecture, Tehran University of Science and Culture, Iran

Abstract

Architecture has always been a physical and spatial expression of social, cultural, climatic and economic conditions in the society. The architectural structure of the historical houses of the Qajar period has not followed the physical and psychological needs of the user depending on the background conditions in the same way and extent. Components such as house orientation, composition, decorations, hierarchy, function, scale, light and illumination are among the indicators that have been influenced by various factors and have shaped the form of architecture. This article seeks to analyze the effectiveness of the physical and spatial configuration components of historical houses of the Qajar period from culture and climate factors through a comparative comparison in two climates with a common feature including the hot and dry and hot and humid climates of Iran. The research method in this article is descriptive and analytical, and the collection of materials was done by library method and field observation. In the process of analyzing the subject of the research and in order to index the factors affecting the physical and spatial components, four Qajar houses with two different forms including the central courtyard and block forms were selected in the key cities of the mentioned climates to compare the contrasting forms in one climate and the same forms in different climates, the manner of effectiveness of the physical and spatial components of different factors should be determined. The results of the research indicate that in hot and dry climates, the cultural factor has the greatest impact on the scale of the house and the performance of the spaces, and the materials, composition, facade and decorations are most influenced by the climate, while in the hot and humid region, the components of hierarchy, facade and decorations, lighting are more influenced by culture and climate has the greatest impact on house form, orientation, materials and performance.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

- Ahari, Zahra. (2007). Isfahan style in urban planning: the grammar of urban foundation design, publishing house art academy. (In Persian)
- Behpur, Zahra, Hamid Reza Shoaei, Masoud Nabimeybodi. (2019). Space Syntax the way to Perceive Arrangement the Spaces of the House in Yazd city, (Periods Qajar, Pahlavi and Islamic Republic), Journal of Architecture in hot and dry climate, No.6, pp 47-75. (In Persian) 20.1001.1.26453711.1397.6.8.3.3
- Pirnia, Mohammadkarim, and Gholamhosein Memarian, (2009). Iranian Architectural Stylology, publishing house Soroush Danesh. (In Persian)
- Tavasouli, Mahmoud. (2002). City construction and architecture in hot and dry climate. Fourth edition, Tehran, publishing house payam and peyvand no. (In Persian)
- Hoseinpour estahbanati, Laleh. (2011). Restoration and revitalization of the Sharif Bandar Abbas historical house, master's thesis, Isfahan University of Arts. (In Persian)
- Khodabakhshian, Meghedy. (2013). Typology of shelter buildings in dry climates of Iran. PhD Thesis, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran. (In Persian)
- Rapoport, Amos. (2017).  pour une anthropologie de la maison, Translated by Khosrow Afzalian. Fourth Edition, publishing house Kasra. (In Persian)
- Seyfian, Mohammadkazem and Mohammadreza Mahmoudi. (2008). Confidentiality in traditional Iranian architecture, Journal of Hoviat Shahr, NO.1. pp 3-14. (In Persian) JR_HOVIAT-1-1_001
- Shateri vayeghan, Omid and Mohammad Dabdabeh. (2020). Architectural structure of historical houses in Iran; Qajar period, Journal of Shabak, N0. 46 . (In Persian)  JR_SHEBAK-5-7_016
- Safa Asini, Shiva. (2019). Investigating natural ventilation in residential houses in the hot and humid climate of Bandar Abbas, case study: Sharif House, International Conference on Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Development Management, Iran, Tehran. (In Persian)
- Alikhani, Bohloul. (1995). A new approach in the use of water and meteorology in resource management and development of the country, (the role of weather in housing design), Geographical Research Quarterly, NO. 4. (In Persian)
- Alikhani, Bohloul. (1997). Climatology, Geographical Research Quarterly. (In Persian)
- Ghafari sefat, Ali Akbar, (2000). Zavareh, a symbol of the myth of the desert, published by the Department of Culture Research. (In Persian)
- Farokhyar, Hosein. (2011). One hundred houses, one hundred plans, Kashan Azad University Publications. (In Persian)
- Falamaki, Mohammad Mansour, (2006). The formation of architecture in the experiences of Iran and the West. Tehran: Space. (In Persian)
- Kasmayi, Morteza. (2011). Climate and architecture, Sixth edition, Isfahan: Khak Publishing. (In Persian)
- Document Center of the General Department of Cultural Heritage Research Base.
- Memarian, Gholamhosein, (2016). A series of theoretical foundations of architecture, Soroush Publishing. (In Persian)
- Mofidi Shemirani, Seyed Majid. (2008). Climatology in architecture. Tehran: Publishing Center of Iran University of Science and Technology. (In Persian)
- Mahdavi nejad, Mohammad Javad. (2002). Islamic art, in challenge with contemporary concepts and new Sight, Journal of Fine arts, NO.12, pp 23-32. (In Persian)
- Queensberg, O. Hash. (1989). Climatic design guide, translated by Morteza Kasmayi, building and housing research center, first edition, Tehran. (In Persian)
- Haider, S. Gulzar.(1984) Habitat and Values in Islam: A Coneptual Formulation of an Islamic City. In Sardar, Ziauddin (Ed). The Touch of Midas. Manchester University Press. Manchester.
- Hidalgo, Carmona, & Hernandez, Bernard (2001), Attachment Place: Conceptual and Empirical Questions.
- Kollar, L. Peter. (1985). On the Whole and the Part. The University of New South Wales. Sydney.
- Oliver .J.E.(1973).climate and man`s .Environment . Jonh Wiley & son .Newyork.
­- Rapoport, Amos (1990). The Meaning of the Built Enveronment, University of Arizona Press. Tucson.
- Rently, Y., Alen, A., Pall, M., Scrank, (2003). Responsible environment guideline for designer. Tchran, Science and Technology University. In Persian.
- Sotlaci, F.. Shokouhian. M. Mofidi Shemiani, S M., (2016), Investigation of Iranian traditional courtyard as passive cooling strategy (a lield study on BS climate). International Journal of Sustainable Bul Environment. No:5.99.111.
Journal of Architecture in Hot and Dry Climate
Volume 11, Issue 1
November 2023
Pages 193-210

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics